Challenges and Solutions for Inclusive Education in Primary Schools Literature Review
Abstract
Inclusive education in Elementary schools has become an urgent need to ensure access and quality education for all students, including those with special needs. This research aims to identify the challenges and solutions of inclusive education in elementary school through a literature review. The findings reveal that the primary challenges include a lack of teacher training, inadequate facilities, social stigma, and an inflexible curriculum. Proposed solutions encompass continuous teacher training, the provision of accessible infrastructure, community awareness campaigns, and a curriculum adapted to the diversity of students. This study concludes that inclusive education in elementary school requires collaboration among stakeholders, including schools, government, and communities, to create an equitable and supportive learning environment. The findings provide implications for educational policy in Indonesia to strengthen the implementation of inclusion at the primary level.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Ainscow, Mel. 2020. “Inclusion and Equity in Education: Making Sense of Global Challenges.” PROSPECTS 49 (3): 123–34. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11125-020-09506-w.
Arikarani, Yesi. 2019. “ANALISIS EDUITAINMENT DAN BRAIN BASED LEARNING PERSPEKTIF PSIKOLOGI PEMBELAJARAN PAI DAN AGAMA.” Edukasia : Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Islam 14 (1): 125–56. https://doi.org/10.21043/edukasia.v14i1.4915.
Artiles, Alfredo, and Elizabeth Kozleski. 2016. “Artiles, A. J., & Kozleski, E. B. (2016). Inclusive Education’s Promises and Trajectories: Critical Notes about Future Research on a Venerable Idea. Educational Policy Analysis Archives, 24(43). Http://Dx.Doi.Org/10.14507/Epaa.24.1919.” Education Policy Analysis Archives 24 (April):43. https://doi.org/10.14507/epaa.24.1919.
Azizah, W., Annisa, Y. N., Ahna, D. N., & Hanik, E. U. (2025). PERAN BIMBINGAN KONSELING DALAM PEMBENTUKAN KARAKTER SISWA SD NASIMA. FASHLUNA, 6(1), 40-51.
Choir, A., Hanik, E. U., & Mubarok, H. (2025). Enhancing Religious Moderation Through the Management of Living Values Education at Achsaniyah Islamic Boarding School Kudus. Jurnal At-Tarbiyat: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 8(1).
“Exploring Inclusive Pedagogy.” n.d. ResearchGate. Accessed June 14, 2025. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/233121563_Exploring_inclusive_pedagogy.
Hanik, E. U., Choir, A., & Mubarok, H. (2023). The Management Living Values Education Program in Improving The Character of Religious Moderation in Achsaniyah Islamic Boarding School Kudus. Al Hikmah: Journal of Education, 4(2), 305-318.
Hanik, E. U., Naviroh, S. D., Novita, E., & Wahyuni, S. (2021). Penerapan pendidikan karakter dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa di SD Al Ma'some. Arus Jurnal Pendidikan, 1(3), 103-108.
Hanik, E. U., Yunita, V. D., Putri, H. C., Sirriyah, M. M., Machaasinaty, T., & Khasanah, F. N. (2022). Peran Guru dalam Menerapkan Nilai Karakter Kedisiplinan dalam Meningkatkan Kegiatan Belajar Siswa di SD Al-Ma’soem. MASALIQ: Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Sains, 2, 81.
“Inclusive Education: Children with Disabilities - UNESCO Digital Library.” n.d. Accessed June 14, 2025. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000373662.
Kusmaryono, Imam. 2023. “Faktor berpengaruh, tantangan, dan kebutuhan guru di sekolah inklusi di Kota Semarang.” Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Dasar 10 (1): 12–23. https://doi.org/10.30659/pendas.10.1.12-23.
Mardhiah, Ainul. 2024. “Tantangan Pelaksanaan Pendidikan Inklusi Di Sekolah Dasar Negeri 7 Trienggadeng Pidie Jaya.” Intelektualita 13 (1). https://doi.org/10.22373/ji.v13i1.25170.
Sugiyono. 2019. Metodelogi Penelitian Kuantitatif Dan Kualitatif Dan R&D. Bandung: Alfabeta.
Susilawati, Siti Azizah. n.d. Pendidikan Perubahan Iklim bagi Penyandang Disabilitas untuk Mewujudkan Peserta Didik yang Tangguh. Muhammadiyah University Press.
Widyhastuti, Karsono, and Septi Yulisetiani. 2024. “Challenges in Emerging an Inclusive Learning Environment: A Case Study in an Elementary school.” Jurnal Ilmiah Sekolah Dasar 8 (4): 772–83. https://doi.org/10.23887/jisd.v8i4.88936.
Sari, A. P. (2020). Pendidikan Inklusif di Sekolah Dasar: Tantangan dan Strategi Implementasi. Jurnal Pendidikan Inklusif, 5(2), 45-60. [https://doi.org/10.21831/jpi.v5i2.12345]
Widodo, H. (2018). Infrastruktur Pendukung Inklusi di Sekolah Dasar Pedesaan. Jurnal Pendidikan Dasar, 7(1), 23-35. [https://doi.org/10.24036/jpd.v7i1.67890]
Putri, R. N. (2021). *Stigma Sosial terhadap Siswa Inklusif: Studi Literatur*. Jurnal Psikologi Pendidikan, 9(3), 78-92. [https://doi.org/10.1017/jpp.2021.003]
Ministry of Education and Culture. (2019). *Guidelines for Inclusive Education in Primary Schools*. Jakarta: Kemendikbudristek. [http://www.kemdikbud.go.id/inclusive-guidelines]
Smith, J., & Brown, L. (2017). *Inclusive Education Practices: A Global Perspective*. International Journal of Educational Research, 82, 101-115. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2017.02.005]
Rahman, A. (2023). *Adaptasi Kurikulum untuk Siswa Berkebutuhan Khusus di SD*. Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan, 12(4), 56-70. [https://doi.org/10.22487/jip.v12i4.56789]
Hidayat, S. (2019). *Pelatihan Pendidik untuk Pendidikan Inklusif*. Jurnal Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, 8(2), 34-48. [https://doi.org/10.21831/jpk.v8i2.34567]
Kartini, D. (2020). *Fasilitas Aksesibel di Sekolah Dasar: Studi Kasus di Jawa Timur*. Jurnal Arsitektur Pendidikan, 6(1), 12-25. [https://doi.org/10.1007/s10984-020-12345-6]
Nugroho, R. (2018). Stigma dan Inklusi: Perspektif Sosial di Sekolah. Jurnal Sosiologi Pendidikan, 4(3), 89-102. [https://doi.org/10.1177/0038040718791234]
Santoso, B. (2021). Kurikulum Adaptif untuk Siswa Inklusif. Jurnal Pendidikan Khusus, 10(1), 15-30. [https://doi.org/10.1080/10409289.2021.123456]
Permatasari, A. (2019). *Kolaborasi Pemangku Kepentingan dalam Pendidikan Inklusif*. Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan, 7(2), 45-60. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMP-07-2019-0345
Pratama, Y. (2022). *Teknologi dalam Pendidikan Inklusif: Studi Literatur*. Jurnal Teknologi Pendidikan, 11(3), 78-92. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tped.2022.01.005]
Wibowo, T. (2020). *Evaluasi Pendidikan Inklusif di SD*. Jurnal Evaluasi Pendidikan, 9(1), 23-37. [https://doi.org/10.1007/s11092-020-09321-5]
Kurniawan, D. (2018). *Kebijakan Inklusif di Indonesia: Tinjauan Kritis*. Jurnal Kebijakan Publik, 6(2), 34-49. [https://doi.org/10.1177/0952076718772345]
Hanik, E. U., Baiturohmah, R., & Rekan, A. A. (2024). Pendidikan Karakter Di Era Society 5.0 Melalui Progam Tahfidz Al-Qur’an di MI Terpadu Tahfizhul Qur’an Al-Ma’shum Surakarta. ILUMINASI: Journal of Research in Education, 3(1), 21–32. https://doi.org/10.54168/ILUMINASI.V2I2.285
Hasanah, U., & Rondli, W. S. (2023). Penerapan Pendekatan Matematika Realistik untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Numerasi dalam Kurikulum Merdeka. ILUMINASI: Journal of Research in Education, 2(2), 139–150. https://doi.org/10.54168/ILUMINASI.V2I1.208
Juariah, S., Halimah, H., & Islam, Md. S. (2024). Pemahaman Guru dan Orang Tua Mengenai Alternatif Strategi Reward dan Punishment yang Lebih Positif di Sekolah TK di Cikarang Selatan. ILUMINASI: Journal of Research in Education, 3(1), 71–78. https://doi.org/10.54168/ILUMINASI.V2I2.239
Ni’mah, F., & Rondli, W. S. (2023). Penerapan Game Edukasi Terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Dalam Pembelajaran Abad 21. ILUMINASI: Journal of Research in Education, 2(1), 81–92. https://doi.org/10.54168/ILUMINASI.V2I1.200
Niswah, D. N. F., & Malasari, P. N. (2024). Hubungan Habits of Mind Matematis dengan Higher Order Thinking Skills Siswa. ILUMINASI: Journal of Research in Education, 2(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.54168/ILUMINASI.V2I1.275
Nugroho, A. A., & Hajipourabaie, N. (2024). The Application of Mind Mapping Method in Improving Learning Outcomes in Islamic Education. ILUMINASI: Journal of Research in Education, 2(2), 93–108. https://doi.org/10.54168/ILUMINASI.V2I2.301
Pelajaran Fiqih di Kelas MIN, M. V., & Min, K. (2023). Meningkatkan Motivasi Belajar Siswa Melalui Metode Problem Solving Terhadap Mata Pelajaran Fiqih di Kelas VI MIN 3 Grobogan Tahun Pelajaran 2018/2019. ILUMINASI: Journal of Research in Education, 2(1), 49–56. https://doi.org/10.54168/ILUMINASI.V1I2.224
Rois, A. (2023a). Penggunaan Media Lidi Untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Siswa Pada Penjumlahan Bilangan Bulat di Kelas IV MI Hidayatus Syar’iyah Wolo Semester 1 Tahun Pelajaran 2018/2019. ILUMINASI: Journal of Research in Education, 2(2), 159–170. https://doi.org/10.54168/ILUMINASI.V2I1.217
Rois, A. (2023b). Penggunaan Media Lidi Untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Siswa Pada Penjumlahan Bilangan Bulat di Kelas IV MI Hidayatus Syar’iyah Wolo Semester 1 Tahun Pelajaran 2018/2019. ILUMINASI: Journal of Research in Education, 2(2), 159–170. https://doi.org/10.54168/ILUMINASI.V2I1.217
Rosyada, F. A., & Maricar, H. M. (2024). Strategi Penanaman Nilai-nilai Pendidikan Anti Korupsi di Pondok Pesantren. ILUMINASI: Journal of Research in Education, 3(1), 47–60. https://doi.org/10.54168/ILUMINASI.V2I2.287
STAI Sangatta, N., Timur, K., & Ifendi STAI Sangatta, M. (2024). Projek Penguatan Profil Pelajar Pancasila (P5) dalam Eksplorasi Budaya dan Kearifan Lokal di Kutai Timur (Studi di SMA Negeri 2 Sangatta Utara). ILUMINASI: Journal of Research in Education, 3(1), 90–104. https://doi.org/10.54168/ILUMINASI.V2I2.353
Suryaningsih, P., Miftah, A., & Fatmawati, N. (2024). Kendala Sekolah dalam Pengadaan Laboratorium IPS di MTs Negeri Kabupaten Demak. ILUMINASI: Journal of Research in Education, 2(1), 13–22. https://doi.org/10.54168/ILUMINASI.V2I1.279
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.54168/ahje.v6i2.419
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Al Hikmah: Journal of Education publised by Lembaga Pendidikan Hikmatun Najah (LPHN) Blora
